You may use a superscript or not (1 st, 1 st ), but you should maintain the same usage throughout your paper. Treat ordinal numbers (3rd, fourth) the same way as other numbers, using the guidelines above. Clarity for readers is always the most important consideration. When numbers are written next to each other in a sentence, one strategy to help readers parse the sentence is to combine words and numerals (3 two-year-old owls, four 3-step plans), but rewording to separate the numbers may be the best choice for clarity in some cases. a number that is part of a common phrase (Noble Eightfold Path).a number that is a common fraction (one half, two thirds).a number that starts a sentence, heading, or title (though this should be avoided).a number from 0-9 anywhere in the paper, except the specific cases above.Spell the number out in words in these cases: a number indicating a place in a series or a part of a book/table, if the number is after a noun (i.e., Item 4, but words are used in cases like "the fourth item").a number denoting: time, a date, an age, a point on a scale, an exact amount of money, or a numeral (the 3 key on your keyboard, 7 years old, a 5 on the test).a number denoting: mathematical functions, fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, percentiles (2:1 ratio, 5%).a number right before a unit of measurement (3 m, 24 g).a number 10 or higher anywhere in the paper.Do not add apostrophes when writing a plural of a number (the 2000s, the 70s).In numbers greater than 1,000, use commas to separate groups of three digits except in page numbers, binary code, serial numbers, temperatures, acoustic frequencies, and degrees of freedom.You should use Arabic numerals (1, 7) instead of Roman numerals (II, XI) unless the Roman numerals are part of established terminology in your field.Generally, you can spell out numbers below 10 in words (seven, three), and use numerals for anything 10 and higher (10, 42). These guidelines, however, are not exhaustive and writers may need to evaluate particular instances of numbers in their own writing to determine if the guideline applies or if an exception should be made for clarity. APA 7 contains detailed guidelines for how to write numbers and statistics, and the most common are listed below. Writers often need to discuss numbers and statistics in their manuscripts, and it can be a challenge to determine how to represent these in the most readable way. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Writing Letters of Recommendation for StudentsĬopyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University.
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